Holding valve device for fluid operated brakes



C. M. JAMESON HOLDING VALVE DEVICE FOR FLUID OPERATED BRAKES Oct. 25,' 1949.

3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed Sept. 24, 1942 7 6 f v v waw 4 6 D Z. 5 4 Y. 3. a D 9 3 /6 J. W 7 3 @Z w INVENTQR czar! M J m sm ATTORNEYS.

Oct. 25, 1949. c. M. JAMESON I 2,486,289

HQLDING VALVE DEVICE FOR FLUID OPERATED BRAKES Original Filed Sept. 24, 1942 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 I N VEN TOR aar'las )7. J aweJ- ATTORNEYS.

Oct. 25, 1949. c. M. JAMESON 2,486,289

HOLDING VALVE DEVICE FOR FLUID OPERATED BRAKES I Original Filed Sept 24, 1942 5 Sheets-Sheet s INVENTOR ATTORNEYG'.

Patented Oct. 25, 1949 HOLDING VALVE DEVICE FOR FLUID OPERATED BRAKES Charles M. Jameson, Detroit, Mich.

Original application September 24, 1942, Serial No. 459,536, now Patent No. 2,381,755, dated August 7, 1945. Divided and this application November 12, 1942, Serial No. 465,320

17 Claims. (01. 137-139) The present invention relates to an apparatus for maintaining a vehicle against unauthorized movement, and in general it embodies improvements upon the type of apparatus disclosed in applicants prior patent, No. 2,218,398, wherein means are provided for automatically maintaining the brakes of a motor vehicle applied after the vehicle has been brought to rest by application of the brakes in combination with means acting automatically when the vehicle is driven forward to render the brake holding means inoperative and thereby permit disengagement of the brakes. The device of the prior patent, as well as that of the present invention, also incorporates means acting automatically to prevent unauthorized retrograde movement of the vehicle. This application is a division of applicants co-pending application, Serial No. 459,536, filed September 24, 1942, and now PatentNo. 2,381,755, granted August 7, 1945, has been added.

It is the general object of the present invention to improve and simplify the various details of construction of the brake and vehicle holding device disclosed in the above-mentioned patent.

It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved check valve mechanism for use in fluid braking systems to hold the fluid actuated brakes engaged, which valve is operated under control of a holding mechanism associated with a driven element of the vehicle power transmission system.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following specification, the drawings relating thereto, and from the claims hereinafter set forth.

In the drawings, in which like numerals are used to designate like parts in the several views throughout:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through one form of the present invention showing the mechanism mounted at the rear of an ordinary transmission housing;

Figure 2 is :a fragmentary section taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 1, showing the check valve mechanism in longitudinal section;

Figure 3 is a fragmentary view taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a transverse section taken on the line 44 of Figure 1;

Figure 5 is a transverse section taken on the line 5-5 of Figure 1;

Figure 6 is a transverse section taken on the line 6-6 of Figure 1;

Figure 7 is a transverse section taken on the line 7..-.-'I of Figure 1;

Figure 8 is a transverse section taken on the line 88 of Figure 1;

Figure 9 is a fragmentary section taken on the line 9 -9 of Figure 4;

Figure 10 is a fragmentary section taken on the line l0-l0 of Figure 7;

Figure 11 is a view of the check valve taken on the line I,lll of Figure 2.

Figures 1 to 11, inclusive, of the drawings: illustrate one form of the invention comprising a mechanical holding unit in combination with a novel and improved form of check valve mechanism for the braking system of a vehicle. The mechanical unit employed is generally similar to that disclosed in applicants prior patents,

Nos. 2,135,897 and 2,218,398, but contains a number of improved features.

As best shown in Figure l, the mechanical unit in the present case is. mounted at the rear of the vehicle transmission on the driven shaft thereof. The transmission casing is indicated generally at it and the driven shaft of the transmission at H. The driven shaft l l is mounted in a ball bearing l2 carried by the casing H]. An auxiliary housing l4 encloses the mechanical holding unit f of the device and is. bolted or otherwise fixed to the transmission casing in any suitable manner,

as by bolts l5 shown in Figure 2. The shaft ll projects rearwardly through and beyond the housing I 4 and carries a universal joint hubthe rim 2! and which intersect the inner annular surface of the rim 2| to form inwardly facing openings through which the points of the pawls may project. Each opening .22 receives. a pawl 24v provided with an integral trailing end 25 of generally cylindrical configuration which is journaled in a drilled hole 26. The drilled holes 26 are parallel to and intersect laterally theholes 22 in order to provide a communicating opening between the holes. 26 and 22 through which the shank 21 of the pawl extends. The incomplete cylindrical surface of the drilled holes 26 are sufliciently complete to retain the end portions.

of the pawls against displacement radially of the drilled openings without preventing a free pivotal movement of the pawls about the axis of the drilled openings.

The drilled holes 26 do not extend entirely through the rim 2|, but terminate short of the left-hand face or the rim,,as viewed; irLFigure. 1,. in consequence of which the pawls 24" cannot be displaced from the pawl carrier in. a direction toward the left, as viewed in Figure 1.

Each pawl, as best shown in Figure-1, pro

vided with an integral, rearwardly projecting; arm 28 having an upwardly extending end 29. The arms 28 project beyond the left-hand face of the rim 2| of the pawl carrier and, as best.

shown in Figure 2, support a flat ring 34 which lies parallel and close to the left-handfaceof the pawl carrier rim, as viewed in Figure 1.

The upstanding ends 29 on the arms 28 overlie the outside of the ring 30 to prevent displacement of the ring. It will; be observed that as a result, of this: arrangementthering 3,0 prevents displacement of the pawls 24 ina right-hand direction; aslviewedl in Figure 1.

One important function oil the ring. 30 is to counteract the.- eiT-ect of. centrifugal force on the pawls and thus insure that the: pawls will engage: and. maintain engagement with the hereinafter described ratchet. wheel, as:- fully disclosed in applicant spriorPatent No. 2,218,398.

The; present pawl carrier is very simply made by ordinary drilling operations to form the openings 2-2 and 26, andhence: is simpler and less ex-- pensive than the particular form of pawl carrier: disclosed in said prior patent. In addition, the novel location ofthe ring 30 greatly facilitates assembly.

Pawls 24 are adapted: to co-operate with a ratchet wheel 32 having a plurality of ratchet teeth 33-, best shown in Figure 4-. llhe arrangem'ent-andnumber of pawls'and ratchet teeth: are such that one of: the pawls will be in tooth holding; position for. each minute increment or move-= ment oil the'pawl carrier relative to the ratchet wheel. Thus, as best shown in Figure 4', the uppermost pawl 24 is in: holding engagement with a tooth. of the ratchet wheel; On a slight increment of movement of the pawlr. carrier to the right, as:viewed in Figure 4, thepawl tothe right of theuppermost pawl will dropinto' engagement; On; the next increment of such movement the next pawl will engage, andso on. clockwise around the pawl: carrier. Since there are nine pawls in' the embodiment disclosed, there-will be nin'e positions of engagement within a movement equal to the distance between the two adjacent ratchet teeth.

The ratchet wheel 32 is' journaled on an internal, forwardly directed, annular projection 34 on: the housing M, as best shown in Figure I. It Willlbe-observed that when the'shaft H is rotating in a direction corresponding to forward movement of: the vehicle thepawl carrier will move clockwise; as viewed in Figure 4, and the pawls willrun idly over the'teeth of the ratchet wheel; but when the vehicle moves rearwardly, one of the pawls will engage a tooth of the ratchet wheeland rotate-or-tendto rotate the ratchet wheel 32 in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in: Figure 4. The right-hand face of the ratchet whee-1' 32, as viewed in Figure 1, isprovided: with a plurality of. dog clutch teeth 36, best: shownin Figure 5, which are-adapted to mesh with a corresponding:

setof dog clutch teeth 38 on an annular brake holding element 40, which isalso jel naled on-.

the annular housing projection 34;

The dog clutch teeth on the ratchet 32 and holding member 40 are normally held in engagement by an annular movable cam ring 4! co-operating with a stationary annular cam ring 42. Cam ring 4| is journaled on the annular projection 34, while cam) ring; 42 is mounted on the same projection but, as best shown in- Figure 8, is fixedly secured to the rear wall of the housing I-4-in any suitable manner, as by screws 43. Movablecam ring 4L is provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced projections 44 having sloping cam surfaces 45.

As -best shown in Figure 10, the stationary cam ring, is provided with. a plurality of similarly spaced projections, 46' having sloping cam surfaces 4a'l.. When, the projections 44 and 46 are in engagement withleach other, as shown in Figures l andlO, the dog clutch teeth on ratchet 32 and holding member 40 are in engagement; but on rotation of the cant ring 4| clockwise, as viewedl irr Figure; 7-,. projection 44, as viewed in Figure; 10;. will movetn the left with reference to projection 46i untila the projection 46 clears the pnojentiom 44., Orr. such cam release the dog clutchteeth; 3.6; and 3.8 may; disengage and their configuratiomissuch; as shownin Figure 9, that they: wilh automatically disengage if. a. force is being. exertedi tending {301130133136 the ratchet wheel counterclockwise: with. reference to the holding ring: 41'], as: viewed! in Figures 4 to- 6. On such movementth'eratchet.wheeL 3.2, as viewed in Figure 9;. will tend, to moveto the left with reference to; the holding: ning 40;. and it will be noted that the sidesofthe teeth 36- and? 38: are sloped in: such: a manner: that the: resulting: torque load will; tend to cause the teeth. to.- separate, the slope. being slightly in excess of the angle of repose for the material: of. which the teeth are made. For steel. clutch teeth, an. angle of ten degrees (10) with respect: to the plane of the simplifies: the manufacture thereof. Thus, it will be: noted that the spaces: between the teeth 38 and? the: spaces between the teeth 36 are of uniform: width; that is: tosay the sides of adjacent teeth. 35 on the ratchet: are arallel to each other and; consequently, may: be formed by a single straight milling cut. The resulting teeth tapen' inwardly. but this: is immaterial inasmuch as it is only necessary in' the present device for a). load. to. be: takem on. the clutch teeth in one direction. Accordingly. the load carrying side of each. clutched: toothi 3% lies in the same plane when. the ChltGhl is engaged as the co-operating load carrying side on one of the clutch teeth 38. The non-load carrying sides will not'make surface contact, but this: is immaterial since no reverse load can be applied to the teeth because of the one-way driving connection between the ratchet and pawl'carrier. One simplemethod of locating the: load: carrying sides-of the two sets of clutch teeth so that th6y Wi11 properly engage is to make the'doa'd carrying. sideofeach slot ro'j'ect radially, as indicated by the dotted Hire 50 in- Figure 6. Then the opposite side: of the space will extend parallel to the line 50 but will not intersect the axis, as shown by 'flhedotted line 51 If both sets of clutch teeth are made in ekactl'ythis manner, they will properly engage when: meshed.

So long as the cam rings '4] and 42' are in the positions illustrated! in! Figures 1, 4 and 10, the tendency of the clutch teeth 3fi' and- 1-8 to separate under load is resisted by the cams and the reaction force acting against'the ratchet 32 is taken by a snap ring 5| mounted on a slot on the inner end of the annular projection 34.

The parts are shown in the drawing in their normal or operating position, that is the position they assume when'the brake holding device is set to operate and the vehicle is moving forwardly. During these conditions, the ratchet 32 and holding ring 4!} act as one unit. However, during forward rotation the pawl ring |8 rotates clockwise, as viewed in Figures 2 and 4, and, consequently, the ratchet 32 and holding ring 46 are free to move in either direction.

As best shown in Figure 6, holding ring 40 is provided with an integral projection 54 which extends into a recess 55 in one side of the housing I4. One radially extending wall 56 of the recess defines an abutment surface' which is engaged by the projection 54 to limit counterclockwise rotation of the holding ring 46. Since this direction of rotation of the ring 40 occurs when the vehicle moves rearwardly, it is apparent that the projection 54 and abutment 56 positively limit rearward movement of the vehicle by restraining the propeller shaft, rear axle and wheels from rotation in a rearward direction. The mechanism so far described, therefore, is effective automatically to prevent the vehicle from rolling backwardly down a hill. However, by the same token, the mechanism would prevent intentional rearward motion of the vehicle and, consequently, it is for that reason that the cam rings and clutch arrangement are provided to permit disengagement of the holding ring 40 from the ratchet wheel 42. Any suitable means may be provided to shift the cam ring 4| when it is desired to drive the vehicle rearwardly, but the particular means illustrated, as best shown in Figures 3 and '7, is designed to effect clutch release when the reverse gear shift rail of the transmission is moved in a direction to complete engagement of the reverse gearing. Referring to Figure '7, the cam ring 4| is provided with an arm 58 upon-the end of which is journaled a roller 59 which, in turn, is adapted to be engaged by a cam 66 mounted on an extension 6| of the reverse gear shift rail. When the reverse gear shift rail is moved rearwardly in order to shift the transmission into reverse gear, cam 60 engages roller 59, thereby rotating cam ring 4| clockwise, as viewed in Figure 7, and disengaging the projections 44 and 46 on the cam rings 4| and 42. As soon as the flat tops of the cam projections and 46 are disengaged by cam 66, the load on the clutch teeth causes automatic disengagement of the clutch and also completes disengagement of the sloping cam surfaces 45 and 47. As a result of this arrangement, the flat tops of the teeth 44 and. 46 are disengaged during the limited idle movement of the reverse shift rail 6| before the reverse gearing actually meshes. So long as the fiat tops-of the teeth 44 and 46 are disengaged before the reverse gearing meshes, no harm can be done because any load thrown on the clutch teeth 36 and 38 incident to actual engagement of the reverse, gearing will complete the releasing movement of cam ring 4| and separation of the clutch teeth 36 and 38.

Inasmuch as the clutch teeth 36 and 3.8 may be released when they are subject to the full load incident to holding the vehicle against rolling backward downhill, it is necessary to use a large number of very small teeth in order to distribute the load. Otherwise, there would be a tendency on release to damage the corners of the teeth.

fPlunger 64, 'slidable in a bow inthe wall' ofa thelcasing and urged inwardly by a, spring 66, normally acts on lever 58 in a directiontending to returnit to the position shown inFigure 7. An

adjusting plug 67 is provided for adjusting the tension of the spring 66. When the vehicle is shifted out of reverse gear;

the spring pressed plunger 64 tends to cause the cam surface 45 to ride up on the cam surface 41 and thereby bring the clutch teeth 36 and 38 into engagement. However, it will be noted that the clutch teeth 36 and 38 have flat top portions and: that the width of the teeth is sufiicient to substantially fill the spaces of the companion clutch.

element. Moreover, a very large number of small clutch teeth are provided. Consequently, if the vehicle is moving in reverse at the time the trans mission is shifted out of reverse gear the relative movement between the ratchet 32 and the holding ring 40 will prevent the clutch teeth from meshing with each other. stances, the tops of the teeth merely ride on each other, even though they are subject to the force exerted by the spring actuated cams 45 and '41 tending to force them into mesh. Actual meshing will not occur until the vehicle stops and' relative movement between the ratchet 32 and the The use of small teeth holding ring 46 ceases. is important in this connection since it renders more likely juxtaposition of the teeth at the time relative rotation between the clutch elements 32 and 40 ceases. ments 32 and 40 will stop in such a position that the teeth 36 and 38 will not engage. these conditions, the vehicle starts to roll rear wardly downhill, the resulting movementof the ratchet wheel 32 will bring the teeth into position to permit engagement. Since the teeth are very small, the ratchet will not be able to pick up an appreciable speed before this occurs. The tension exerted by spring 66 may be made sufficiently strong to cause re-engagement of the clutch teeth without any other assistance, but in some cases it is desirable to keep the brake holding, unit inoperative even after the transmission is shifted out of'reverse gear and the vehicle is brought to a stop. Such a need arises, for example, when one wheel of the vehicle is in a hole and there is insufficient traction, in which event it is necessary to rock the vehicle back and forth. Accordingly, means are provided, as best shown in Figure 7, for causing re-engagement of the clutch teeth 36 and 38 only after the transmission is shifted out of reverse gear and the vehicle brakes are applied. In order to accomplish'this result, the tension on spring 66 is either entirely eliminated or reduced to an amount insuflicient of itself to shiftthe cam 4| against the influence of whatever friction is present and an auxiliary spring 12 is mounted in a projection 73 integral with the cam ring 4|. Spring 12 seats within a blind socket in projection 13 and projection '13 and spring 12 lie in the previously described recess 55. The free end of spring 12 is adapted to be compressed by a rearwardly projecting wall 14 on the previously described projection 54 of the holding ring 46 when the holding ring is rotated counterclockwise, as viewed in Figures" 6 and 7. It will be noted that, as viewed in Figure '7, clearance is provided between the free endof the spring 12 and the rearwardly projecting wall 14. This clearance is suflicient to allow the hold-' ing ring 46 to rotate counterclockwise during brake application without subjecting the spring I2 to compression. The end of the springundcr Under these circum- Moreover, in some cases the 'ele- If, under 1.7 such conditions: should just contact. the wall. T4. As-z hereinafter brought. out, when: the vehicle brakes: are. applied manually the holding ring 411% will be rotated: counterclockwise from. the: 1305i; tion showmin Figuresafii and: 7' to a position. which the projection 54 contacts. or-nearly. con-- tautsztheabutment h. It the cam ring 4;]. is in itsireleasediposition durin'gsuch.counterclockwise;

movementiaoi the. holding-ring 440; the-.reanwardlyprojecting wall 14' wilhcompress spring 12', thereby exerting; sufiinient force. upon the cam. ring; 4]. to: rotate. it. in a: counterclockwise direction; and thereby-efiectengagement off the clutch teeth 3.6 and. in..the manner previously described.

If; the parts are.=so. proportioned. that the rota.- tion of the holdingmingi 40: during manual brake; application equalsi or exceeds therotationofi cam ring. from cam release-toiultcam engagement. the; spring pressed: plunger 6.4 may be dispensed. with altogether. since in. that event spring; 12,; alone, will effect engagement of. the: dog-clutch. teeth when. the; brake. is applied. Howevenitis: of. advantage to reducethe-movementof. the holdiing ring 4'! during brake, applicationas much as. possible. andit hasbeenfound that even though; the movement of. theholding ring. is-lessthan the. movement of thecam ring. the above described. clutch engagement can beachieved by making; spring 12 relatively: stiff and. by adjusting the spring. 66 sovthat itis, just. insuflicient. to. overcome. static..f-riction. In that event, spring 12,

when loaded incident to. manual application: of. the brakes-,, starts the: clutch engaging movement of. cam ring 4|. and the; light: spring 12: carries; the camring,,once it. hasstarted. moving,,to. its: completely engagedpositionshown in Figure.

The. clearance shown-between theiree end. of spring. 12. and wall- IA. is not essential, but. if: spring 12. contacts wall. M; when the parts are.v

in the position shown-in Figure 7., the spring. 12

will. resist counterclockwise rotationof the holding; ring. during. brake. application. and, consequent1y,-.it wouldbe necessary, toeliminate spring, BA or 'reduce itstensionto compensate.

By: providing means. as, above described, to; delay-re-engagementof the clutch teeth after the! transmission-has been shifted out of reverse gear: until the brakes are. applied is ofv advantagebecause. it. permits the driver to rock thecar back. and. forth. in. order to get out, of a hole. when; there: is insuflficient. traction. The. fact thatthe device does not. rte-engage. until. the brakes are applied. is not. a disadvantage: because. the only. circumstances. under which it is desirable. for. the device tooperatearethose-in which. it. would be natural. to apply the brakes. Once. the brakes. areapplied, the device becomes operative and. will eithen' prevent retrograde movement of. the. vehicle. as.- previously described; or maintain. the. brakes applied in the manner hereinafter set OB-the As previously indicated, the device isalso. efiectiueato maintain the brakes applied after. they have. been applied either manually.- or by; power means in. the usual manner and the, vehicle is bnoughtto a. stop.. The means. for accomplishing this tunctiom. as best shown inEiguresand 6; comprises a valve. mechanism. indicated. generally, at; the control of which. is.in.par.t.under the influence. of. the, braking. system. of the vehicle.

and. in. part, under the, influence. of. the. holding, ring. 411. As best. shown in. Figure. 6; the. holding ring, 40 has an. upward projection 8| which is normally, held. in. engagement with a. rod 82. by, means of. a. plunger 83 which bearsv against the; opposite side of the projection 81 and is urged 8?; to: 51185 nightt as: viewed! inn Figure 6;. by means: of:' a spring 84; The-rodl 82: projects throughia: suit:- able openingsinzthe-ihousingliki'ntoian axialzbore: 85 in the valve-housingtfiz. Thexvalve; housing 86' is secured. to a. suitable boss om the housing It by means of: cap-lscrewsaa 'll. IfiWillfibBQbSEIZVGdl that as a. result; of; this. construction the holding: ring 4 1 is normally heldiir. itszextremeclochwisezrotati've position. bycmeansi ofi the spring. pressedl plunger 83;. as; shown: im Figure 6; in; which: posie tion\ the rodi 8-2: is likewise"- in.v its: extreme righthandposition, as: shown. in: Figure: 2'.

The-valve housing iifiiszprovided with-acentrali longitudinal bore 88 at thezlefit-handzendofiwhichz is arrupstan'dingr annular valive seat 8.9; of smaller diameterthan'. thebone: 9.8.2. The; opening; an, in: the valve seat- 83" communicates with: the; bore: 8510f. theehousingi. Atzthe right-hand end. out the central bore 88; the-2 bore: is: enlarged. to: define: a shoulder- 91( andl to the. right, off the: shoulder 9A.- is again: enlarged to. define a shoulder- 92. That. portion. of the. bore to: the: right of. shoulder 92.. is: threa'dedz toare'ceivea plug; as: havingv an externally threaded. fitting: 9.4:, which: is adapted for-- con'nectinnv to. the. pressure: supply; line: of: a. fluid. braking system. Thea braking. system: may be: either air on hydraulic and; if. hydraulic, may; be operated: either; manuallyaor bye power boostera'pp-aratus; The particuiarrfornn of Valve; illus+- trated in. the drawings is, designediforusez in; a. hydraulic. braking: system; and; consequently; the: fitting as. is connected. to, the: pressure line.- from tl're cylindencfi thebmkingzsystecn. The: housing is also provided with an: auxiliary. lonegitudin'al. bore: 91%. extending parallel to; the centralv bore 88. cross bore- Qrll connects therinterior of the; plug Q3: with the; auxiliary: bore; 9.6. and: a second. cross bore 58; connects: bone 15.1 with the auxiliary'bore; 361 at. the: left-hand! side: or the? valve? sea-ix. 895. Cross bores" 93 and. 98 are: plugged; at: their: outer ends: and so;v likewise,- isthe rightehandi end. on the: auxiliary: bore 96.. A. threaded openings 9-9 im the; lower side: ot the: housing 86- communicates". with: the central! bore: 8 8* and is .adaptedi for: connection: to: the fluid: line: which runs to -the: brazkeoperating cylinders.

Positioned: within: central bore 88 is: a= check. valve having a h'ead Mi nie-left hand or'operaetive Face: ofv which: carries; an axial cylindrical,

. projection I03; andi is pnovi-dedlwithz an. annular.

recess adapted: to. receiveam annular ring, mm ofrubber or. nubber-l-ike material; The check valve elementisi provided ,Witha: cylindrical rear ward extension M35; having, a\ square transverse;

. opening: was extending: therethrough. As best:

shownin Figural-1*, thezrear-on'nightahand walh of the projection m5"; as viewed; in; Figure; 2;. is; provided. wither. slot; [103: extending parallel to? the square opening 1506i. ALCYJiHdZIfi-CflliQiStOl'l' ele ment N18? is positioned within.- the centralz bore: toth'e right offthe' cheolc valve. and is provitlmt with a reduced stem lzflll which projects through; the slot l-O'i' in the projection ma and carries an: enlarged head lflll located! within the square; opening W6; Itwill' be apparent that a result ofthis construction the piston- I 08 a lost" motion connection with the check valve I821 Surrounding and closely fitting the piston- Hi8 and seated against the shoulder 91 in the housing is a ring I k2 0i" rubberonrubber-l'ike material which is pressed tightly' against the shoulder 9| by means of the lug 93. The rubber ring H2 seals the bore 88 from the central opening in theplug 93". To-facilitate such sealing action; the ring; it desired, may be provided with an 59 axially extending annular lip H3. "A coil spring H4 is positioned between the check valve head I02 andthe rubber ring I I2 and normally acts to urge the check valve into closed position.

' Positioned within the bore 85 is'a piston II 6 having a stem H'I projecting tothe right into engagement with the projection I03 on the check valve I02. A sealing ring H8 of rubber or rubber-like material surrounds the stem I I! or piston H6 and seals the valve unit against leakage through the bore 85 past the piston H6.

The operation of the valve unit 80 is as follows. When the master cylinder is actuated, the brake fluid under pressure enters the opening in the plug 93 and thence flows through cross bore9I, longitudinal bore 96, cross bore 98, opening '90 past the check valve I 02 which opens in response to the fluid pressure, and thence through opening 99 to the vehicle-brakes to operate the same in the usual manner. The pressure of the fluid from the master cylinder in the cross bore 08 acts on piston I I6, forcing it to the left, as viewed in Figure 2, thereby-shifting rod 82 to the left and rotating the holding ring 40 by reason of the connection between'rod 82 and; the projection 8| "on the holding ring. This rotation is against the action of the spring pressed plunger 82. In a hydraulic braking system it is essential to reduce to a minimum all displacements of pressure fluid. Consequently, bore 85 and piston H6 are preferably made of very small diameter, in the orderof three-eighths of an inch. When the brakes are applied,'it is essential to the operation of the device that piston H be forced to the left by the brake pressure in order to disengage pin H1 from the check valve I02. Consequently, since it is desirable that'the device operate to hold the brakes applied even when they are applied lightly, it is desirable that the plunger I I6 be moved to the left under light brake application, that is at a pressure of about fifty pounds per square inch. Accordingly, spring 84 shown best in Figure 6., is made sufficiently light so that it will'not resist the effect of a force of fifty pounds per square inch on the piston HE. Therefore, when that or any higher pressure is applied by the brake master cylinder, piston I I6 and rod 82 move to the left, rotating the projection 8! and holding ring 40 counterclockwise, as viewed in Figure 6,. against theaction of spring 84. The brake'fluid under pressure in cross bore 98 at the same time passes upwardly through opening 90 and past the valve I02 to the passageway 89 and thence to the vehicle brakes, to cause application thereof. As soonas flow of the brake fluid through opening 90 ceases, even though the pressureis maintained valve I02 is closed by the very light spring I I4. This spring is only suflicient to close the valve against the force of gravity and any friction present If thebrake application is relieved before the vehicle comes to a stop, piston I I6, underthe influence ofspring 84, immediately returns to the position shown in Figure 2, thereby opening valve I02, and releasing .the brakes. Howevergif. the vehicle is brought to a stop while the brakes are applied,

ratchet wheel I8, which is fixed .to the transmission shaft II, will come to a stop and pawls 24 will engage ratchet wheel-32 and thereby hold the holding ring v40, with its projection 8| against return movement.- If, under these conditions, the brake application has been-released, piston H6 willnot shift to'the right, and consequently,

valve I02 willremain .closed'and trap the fluid in the braking system, thereby maintaining the brakes applied.

When thereafter it is desired to drive the vehicle forwardly, the vehicle is operated in a conventional manner and as soon as a forward driving torque is applied to'the transmission shaft II the slight movement of the shaft in a forward driving direction necessary to take up clearances and wind-up will rotate the cam ring I8, and, consequently, the ratchet wheel 32 and holding ring 40 sufficiently to return the projection 8| and rod 82 to the position shown in Figures 2 and 6, thereby opening valve I02 and releasing the brakes; In order to insure valve opening during such limited rotation of the shaft II, it is necessary to effect valve opening by a very small movement. It is found that a movement of the projection 8| at a radius of about two inches of approximately threesixteenths of an inch is available to open the valve. It is for this reason that the pawland ratchet mechanism is designed to engage onvery small increments of relative movement between the two. The resulting limited movement of piston H6 is of advantage because it reduces the fluid displaced by the mechanism during its operation.

In the operation so far described, the function of the plunger I08 and its connection with the valve I02 have been ignored. However, if the brakes are heavily applied, th pressure fluid trapped by check valve I02 may be at a pressure anywhere up to eighteen hundred pounds per square inch. Obviously, the relatively light spring 84, which must collapse on a pressure of fifty pounds per square inch acting against piston H0, cannot release an ordinary check valve against such high pressure unless the'effective area of piston H6 was many times the effective area of valve I02. The size of piston I I6 is; however, limited by the need to reduce fluid displacement in the unit and is preferably limited to a diameter of about three-eighths of an inch. If the effective area of valve I02 was made-enough smaller'than the piston H6 to make possible operation of the device on light brake application and release .on heavy brake operation, it would therefore have to be exceedingly small and would tend to restrict flow in the brake system. Moreover, a metal to metal check valve, such as'a ball check valve, has a tendency to leak when subject to heavy pressure unless made with extremecare; therefore, it is preferred to use a rubber tometal check valve and it is almost impossible to produce a satisfactory rubber to metal check valve of the exceedingly small dimensions required.

Accordingly, there is provided, as shown in the drawings, a rubber to metal check valve having an efiective area comparable to that of the piston H6 and means, including plunger I08, are provided to counteract the eifect of the trapped brake 'fluid on valve I02. .When the vehicle brakes are applied brake fluid will flow through cross bore 91, bore 98, cross bore 98, port 90, past valve I02,.

and through opening 99 to the brake system. During such flow the pressuredrop across port is very small due to thefact that the spring I I4 is very light, with the result that the pressure acting on the opposite ends of the plunger I08 only holds the brakes applied after'thevehicle has been brought to a stop by application of the brakes, and the brakes are automatically released when the vehicle is started forwardly'in the conventional manner. held by the mechanism they are effective to hold the vehicle against unauthorized movement, either forwardly or rearwardly. The device is automatically rendered inoperative at the initial movement of the reverse shift rail toward reverse gear position, and it returns automatically to operative condition either on disengagement of the reverse gearing or on disengagement of the reverse gearing and a subsequent brake application. In addition to the above mentioned functions, the device operates to prevent unauthorized backward movement of the vehicle even though the brakes are not applied, and the releasing means is effective to release the mechanism even when it is heavily loaded by a tendency of the vehicle to roll backwardly. It will be apparent that the mechanism disclosed in Figures 1 to 11 may be employed in any hydraulic or fluid brake system, regardless of the source of the braking pressure or the means for controlling that source.

In addition to the function of preventing forward or rearward movement of the vehicle down a grade, it will be obvious that the device, by

, holding the brakes applied, will also prevent vehicle movement otherwise induced. For example, it will prevent the forward creep which occurs in vehicles equipped with a non-positive fluid clutch or coupling when the vehicle transmission is in a forward gear and the engine is idling. The action in such case is the same as that when the forward movement is induced by a down grade. If the device is constructed in the manner previously described, the slight torque transmitted to the propeller shaft by the fluid clutch when the engine is idling will take up clearances and backlash but will not wind up the propeller shaft sufliciently to cause release of the valve that holds the brakes applied. Ho'wevenas soon as the engine is accelerated in the usual manner required to start a fluid clutch equipped vehicle forwardly, the resulting increased torque on the propeller shaft will cause sufficient wind-up or twisting of the shaft (and/or the rear springs if the vehicle has a Hotchkiss drive) to cause r lease of the brakes.

In this connection, if the vehicle is brought up to a stop by application of the brakes when the transmission is in any gear and the friction clutch engaged, the brakes will remain engaged regardless of the engine speed and the torque transmitted through the fluid clutch at the time the vehicle is brought to a stop, and they will automatically release on a slight increase of engine s eed above that at the time of stopping. This is due to the fact that at the moment the vehicle is brought to a stop the full wind-up of the propeller shaft due to the then transmitted torque has already occurred and the position of the pawl carrier 2! at the time the pawls engage the ratchet 32 is the position it would assume after that amount of torque was applied to the propeller shaft. Consequently, the ratchet will prevent release of the brakes until such time as the torque is further increased by increasing the engine speed.

The above mentioned characteristic of the device is important because the idling speed of vehicle engines varies widely and consequently, the torque transmitted at idling speed corre- When the brakes'are being I spondingly varies. Such variation will not, however, afiect the operation of the device. In addition, it enables the device to operate in the same manner regardless of what gear ratio of the transmission has been selected. It will also operate if the hand throttle control has been set to increase the engine speed, as is sometimes necessary when the engine shows a tendency to stall at low speeds. It will also operate as well in cold weather when the fluid in the fluid clutch is more viscous and, therefore. transmits a greater torque for the same engine speed, as it will in hot weather when the torque transmitted is less.

The expression check valve as used in the claims refers to a valve which will open in response to an excess of pressure at one side and closes in the absence of an excess at said side. A balanced check valve is one in which the forces exerted by the pressure of the trapped fluid on 'the movable valve element are balanced. A substantially balanced check valve is one in which a second port adapted for connection to a fluid brake device, said housing having a passageway connecting said ports, a check valve in said passageway normally acting to prevent return of fluid through said passageway from the second port to the first mentioned port and operable to permit substantially unrestricted flow in the opposite direction, a pressure responsive movable element in saidhousing, said element being at one side-thereof subject to the pressure at the first port and at the other side subject to the pressure at the second port and being of a crosssectional area approximately equal to the effective cross-sectional area of said check valve, a sealin ring frictionally engaging said element intermediate its ends, and a lost motion connection between said element and said check valve for causing said element when subject to an excess of pressure in the second port to exert a force on said valve in the direction opposite to that of the force exerted on the valve by the pressure in the second port without aifecting said valve when said element is subject to an excess of pressure in the first port sufiicient to open the check valve.

2. A control valve device for an automatic hold ing mechanism for fluid operated brakes comprising a valve housing having a port adapted for connection to a source of fluid pressure and a second port adapted for connection to a'fluid brake device, said housing havin a passageway connecting said ports, a check valve in said passageway normally acting to prevent return of fluid through said passageway from the second port to the first mentioned port and operable to permit substantially unrestricted flow in the opposite direction, a pressure responsive movable element in said housing, said element being at one side thereof subject to the pressure at the first port and at the other side subject to the pressure at the second port and being of a cross-sectional area approximately equal to the effective cross-sectional area of said check valve, a sealing ring fricio na d lem nt i te me i e its i155 ends, a lost @motion connection rbetween said :ele- ,ment zit-11d :said check valve :for causing said :ele- ;ment when subject to :an :excess or pressure in the second port to exert a force :on said "valve in ithe directiomopposite to that of the :force'exerted on the valve by the pressure in the second port without afiiecting said valve when said element islsubject to-an excessof-pressurein the first port lsuificientto open the check valve and means for opening said check valve at will.

A control valve device for an automatic r'holding mechanism for fluid operated brakes comprising a valve housing having a-port-adapted for connection to a 'source of fluid pressure-and a .second port adapted for connection to a fluid {brake device, said housing having a passageway connecting said ports, a substantially balanced check valve 'in said passage normally acting to prevent fiowof fluid fromsaidsecond port tosaid lfirst mentioned port, an element in said housing loperable from the exterior of the housing and lefiective on movement in one direction to open .said check valve, and means responsive -to:pres- .sure :at said first port for moving said element in the opposite direction to lp'ermitclosure of said valve.

4. A control valve device for an automatic sholding mechanism for fluid operated brakes .comprisinga valve'housing having a port adapted for connection to-a source of fiuid pressure and fluid through said passageway from the second iportto the first mentioned port, said valve being substantially balanced against the iefiect of pnessurer-in said second port,'an element in saidh'ousring operable from the exterior of the housing-and \effective on movement in one direction to open said check valve, and 'means responsive to =pressureatsaid first port for moving said elementiin the opposite direction to permit closure of said valve.

5. A control valve device for an automatic hdlding mechanism for fluid operated brakes comprising a valve housing having a port adapted for connection to a source of fluid pressure :anda second port adapted for connection to a fiuid brake device, said housing having a passageway connecting said ports, a check valve in said passageway normally acting to preventreturnof fluid through said passageway from the second port to the first mentioned-port, means connected to the check valve and subjecttothe pressure at the second port for counteracting the effect'of the check .valve of at 'least a part of the force exertedby the pressure at the second port to hold the'oheck'valve closed, an element in said' housing 'operable'fro m the exterior of the housing and'effective on movement in one direction to open said check valve, and means responsive to pressure at said first port for moving said-element in the opposite direction to permit closure of said valve.

*6. A control valve device for an automatic *ho'lding -mechanism for fluid operated brakes comprising a valve housing having a'portadapted for connection to a source of fluid pressure and "asecond port adapted for connection toa fluid brake device, said housing having -a passageway connecting said ports, a check valve in said passageway normally acting to prevent return of fluid through said passageway from the second sponsive movable element in said housing, said element being-at one side thereof subject to the pressure at the first port and at the other side subject tot'thevpressure at the second port, a connection :between said element and said check valve for causing said element when subject to an excessofpressure in theseconcl port to exert a force-on said valve in the direction opposite to that- 0f "the force exerted on the valve by the pressure in .the second port, an element in said .housingoperable from'the exterior of thehousing and effective on movement in one direction to openlsaid check valve, and means responsive to pressure at said-first port for moving saidele- .ment in theopposite direction to permit closure 'of said valve.

-7.,A.contr.ol valve'device for an automatic holdl-ing mechanism for fluid operated brakes comprising a valve housing having a port adapted ior connection 'to .a source of fluid pressure and a second port :adapted for connection to ca fluid brake-device, said .:housing having a passageway connecting said ports, a check valve in said passageway normally acting to prevent return-of fluid through said passageway from the second port to-the first mentioned port and operable to permit substantially unrestricted flow in the opposite direction, -a pressure responsive movable element in said housing, said element being at one side thereof subject to the pressure at the v first port and at the other side subject to the pressure at thesecondport and being of acrosssectional area approximately'equal to the-effective cross-sectional area of said check valve, a sealing ,ring .frictionally engaging said element inter.- mediate its ends, a lost :motion connection between-said elementzandsaid checkvalve for causring said element when subject to .an excess of pressure in the second port to exert .a force on said valve in the .directionopposite to that of the forceexertedon the valve (by the pressure in the second port without affecting said valve when .said element is subject to an excess of pressure inthe first port sufficient to open the check valve, .an element .in said :housing operable from the ex- .terior of the housing and effective on movement in one direction to open said check valve, and means responsive .to pressure at said first port for moving said element in the oppositedirection to permit closure of said valve.

8. A control valve device .for an automatic holding mechanism for fluid operated brakes comprising a valve housing having a port adapted for connection to a source of fluid pressure and a second port adapted for connection to a fluid brake device, said housing having a passageway connecting said ports, a substantially balanced check valve in said passage normally acting to prevent flow of fluid from said second port to said first mentioned port, an element in said housing operable on movement in one direction to open said check valve, resilient means constantly -urging said element in said direction, means responsive to pressure at said first port for moving said element in the opposite direction to permit closure of said valve, and latch means adapted to hold said element in the position in which it permits closure of said valve.

'9. A control valve device for an automatic holding mechanism for fiuid operated brakes comprising a valve housin having a port adapted for connection to a source of fluid pressure and a second port adapted for connection to a fluid brake device,-said housing having a passageway port to the first mentioned port, a pressure -re- '55 'connectingsaid-ports, a check valve in said pas- 17 sageway normally acting to prevent return of fluid through said passageway from-the second port to the first mentioned port, said valve being substantially balanced against the efiect of pressure in said second port, an element in said housing operableon movement in one direction to open said check valve, resilient means constantly urging said element in said direction, means responsive to pressure at said first port for moving said element in the opposite direction to permit closure of said valve, and latch means adapted to hold said element in the position in which it permits closure of said valve.

10. A control valve device for an automatic holding mechanism for fluid operated brakes comprising a valve housing having a port adapted for connection to a source of fluid pressure and a 7 second port adapted for connection to a' fluid brake device, said housing having a passageway connecting said ports, a check valve in said passageway normally acting to prevent return of fluid through said passageway from the second port to the first mentioned port, means connected to the check valve and subject to the pressure at the second port for counteracting the effect of the check valve of at least a part of the force exerted by the pressure at the second port to hold the check valve closed, an element in said housing operable on movement in one direction to open said check valve, resilient means constantly urging said element in said direction, means responsive to pressure at said first port for moving said element in the opposite direction to permit closure of said valve, and latch means adapted to hold said element in the position in which it permits closure of said valve.

11. A control valve device for an automatic holding mechanism for fluid operated brakes com-prising a'valve housing having a port adapted for connection to a source of fluid pressure and a second port adapted for connection to a fluid -brake device, said housing having a passageway connecting said ports, a check valve in said passageway normally acting to prevent return of fluid through said passageway from the second port to the first mentioned port, a pressure responsive movable element in said housing, said element being at one side thereof subject to the pressure at the first port and at'the other side subject to the pressure at the second port, a connection between said element and said check valve for causing said element when subject to an excess of pressure in the second port to exert a force on said valve in the direction opposite to that of the 'force exerted on the valve by the pressure in the second port, an element in said housing operable on movement in one direction to open said check valve, resilient means constantly urging said element in said direction, means responsive to pressure at said first port for moving said element in the opposite direction to permit closure of said valve, and latch means adapted to hold said element in the position in which it permits closure of said valve.

12. A control valv device for an automatic holding mechanism for fluid operated brakes comprising a valve housing having a port adapted for connection to a source of fluid pressure and a second port adapted for connection to a fluid brake device, said housing having a passageway connecting said ports, a check valve in said passageway normally acting to prevent return of fluid through said passageway from the second port to the first mentioned port and operable to permit substantially unrestricted flow in the opposite direction, a pressure responsive movable element in said housing, said element being at one side thereof subject to the pressure at the first port and at the other side subject to the pressure at the second port and being of a cross-sectional area approximately equal to the eiTective cross-sectional area of said check valve, a sealing ring frictionally engaging said element intermediate its end, a lost motion connection between said element and said check valve for causin said element when subject to an excess of pressure in the second port to exert a force on said valve in the direction opposite to that of the force exerted on the valve by the pressure in the second port without affecting said valve when said element is subject to an excess of pressure in the first port sufficient to open the check valve, an element in said housing operable on movement in one direction to open said check valve, resilient means constantly urging said element in said direction, means responsive to pressure at said first port for moving said element in the opposite direction to permit closure of said valve, and latch means adapted to hold said element in the position in which it permits closure of said valve.

13. A control valve device for an automatic holding mechanism for fluid operate-d brakes comprising a valve housing having a port adapted for connection to a source of fluid pressure and a second port adapted for connection to a fluid brake device, said housing having a passageway connecting said ports, a check valve in said passageway normally acting .to prevent return of fluid throu h said passageway from the second part to the first mentioned port but permitting relativel unrestricted flow in the opposite direction, said valve comprising a pair Of cooperating members adapted to make a substantially :annu lar seating contact in a plane approximately transverse to the direction of movement of the valve, one of said members being formed of yielding rubberlike material, and means having a lost motion connection with the check valve and subject to the pressure at the second port for counteracting a sufficient portion of the valve closing force exerted on the valve by the pressure at the second port, said means having an efiective area subject to the pressure at said second port which slightly exceeds the effective seating area of said check valve whereby said means prevents said valve from holding the fluid under pressure at the second port when the pressure at the second port reaches a predetermined amount, and means independent of the pressure at either of said ports .for opening said check valve.

14. A control valve device for an automatic holding mechanism for fluid operated brakes comprising a valve housing having a, port adapted for connection to a source of fluid pressure and a second port adapted for connection to a fluid brake device, said housing having a passageway connecting said ports, a check valve in said passageway normally acting to prevent return of fluid through said passageway from the second port to the first mentioned port and operable to permit substantially unrestricted flow in the opposite direction, a plunger mounted for axial reciprocation in a portion of said housing, and being at one end subject to the pressure at the first port and at the other end subject to the pressure at the second port, a sealing ring frictionally engaging said plunger intermediate its ends, and a lost motionconncction between said plunger and said check valve for causing said plunger, when subject to an excess of pressure in the sec- 19' and port, toexerta force onisaid valve the di: rection opposite-to that of the -:force exerted'on the valve by the pressure in thesecond port without afiecting said. valve when said plunger is subject toan excess of pressure in the first port sufficient toopen-thechetkvalve.

115.. A control valve device for an automatic holding: mechanism for fluid operated brakes comprisingavalve housing having a portadapted forconnection to a source of fluid pressure and a second, port adapted for connection to. a fluid brake: device, said housing 'lavlng a passageway connecting said ports, a check valve in saidpassafieway, resilient. means normally acting to hold said valve in position to. prevent return of fluid throu h said; passa eway from the second, port to the first. mentioned port and operable to per: mitsubstantiallv-unrestricted flow in the opposite direction, a plunger mounted for axialreciprocae tion in a. p r i n of. sa housing and, being at one and subject to the pressure at the first port and at he other end subjectto he pressure at the second port, a; sealing ring frictionally en,- gaging said plunger intermediate its ends, and a lost motio connection between saidplungfir and said check valvefor causing said. plunger, when subj c to. n. excess of pressure in he s cond port, to. exer a for on said valve the dives: tion opposite to that of theforce exerted, on the valve by the pressure in the second port without afiecting said valve when said plunger is subs ject to an excess of pressure in the first port sumcicnt to; open the check valve,

116. A o l v lve device f r a a tomatic holdin cha sm o i er -ted ak I comprising a valve housi g h in a po adapted or con c n to a Source o luid ressure and a second port adapted. for connection to a uid: brake e s o sin h ving a passae w y conne tned t r s a c e k valv n s i pa s ewa no ma ly a t n o p nt return of fluid through said passageway from the seGOnd p rt to th first m ned port and n rable to perm t subs a i y n estri ted low'in the oppo te direction, a n er mo nted or a i l c p oca ion 1 1 a o on o said: hous n and eing at. one en bieet to. the pressu e at the fi st. t a d a e ot er nd subj t to the pressure at the seco d art a seal r n rict on l v e aging sa d lume-e nte edia e it ends a os mo ion o ect o twee aid pl n e n s id ch k valv o cau n d nllmee fl. when ubject to an e e s of pressure in the second port, to exert a force, on; said valve in the direction opposite to that. f the force exerted on the valve by the pressure the second port without affecting said value when said plunger'is subject to an excess of 'pressure in the first port suficient-to open the-check valve, and means for opening said: check-valve; at Willi 1'7; A control valve device f0ran automatic holding mechanism for fluid operated brakes comprising a valvehousing having aportada-pted for connection to a source of fluid. pressure. and a second port adapted for connection. to a fluid brake device, said; housing having a passageway connecting said ports, a. check valve in. said pas; sageway, resilient means normally acting tohold said valve in position. to prevent return at fluid through said passageway-from the second. port to the first mentioned; port. and operable to. permit substantially unrestricted flow intheopposite die rection, a plunger mounted foraxial; reciprocae tion in a portion otsaidhousing and bein -atone end subject to the pressure: at the firstpportand at, the other end: subject to! the pressure at. the second; port, a. sea-ling; ring i rictionally engaging said; plunger intermediate its; ends, a lost motion connection between said plunger and said check valve for causing: said; plun e when. subject o an exc s pr ssure in; he secondnort; to-exert a force on. said. valvev in: the direction. oppos te to that of. the force exerted on the v lv by h pressure in the second. por w thout afiecting' aid v lve when said plunger. s suhieet o n excess of pressune he first port sufncient t open the check valve; and. me ns: for opening said check valve at will,

REEEBE QE S. CHEER The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

$TATE$ A'IENTS Number Name Date 240 982 Dutton May 3, 188-1 4275,26 4 Iwanowitsch May 6, 1890' 489 528 Thoms Aug; 9, 1892 677,592 Patrick July 2, 1901 688,166 Gaylord Dec. 3; 1901 758979- Jackson May 8, 1904 8315433: Hendrickson Sept. 18, 1906 842,58?- Skogstad Jan. 29, 1907 1 ,515,106 Foster Nov. 11, 1924 139903741 Marvel Feb. 12, 1935 2,166,029 'vorech July 11, 1939 2,1'8111700 Leichsen-ring Nov. 28, 1939 2,225,082 Orshansky Dec. 1-7', 1940 2,319,239 Freeman Mar. 9, 1943 2,313,430; Goepf rich- Mar. 9, 1943 2,361,685. Grise Oct. 31, 1944 

